BHADGOAN OR BHAKTAPUR OR KHWOPA

MONUMENT REPORT

© SCHOOL OF PROJECT WORK 2019

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Objectives

1. To know Conservation status of Bhaktapur City's Monument

2. To state a solution if any problem is observe with Monuments

3. To learn economic value of Monument Zone

4. To discover untold stories regarding Monument

Some potential Questions

How are these two Monuments different from one another?

In what ways do these two Monuments relate to one another?

If you could change one thing in the Monument, what would it be?

Pretend you are an archaeologist in the future who is observing this Monument. What would you be able to conclude about the culture of the past?

Expand the title or name of the Monument in BMR Format

Describe the setting in which you might have found this object.

Which Part of Monument will be of greatest value in a hundred years? Why?

Monuments Lists

TOUR IN BHAKTAPUR DARWAR

We let you know through this document that
Bhaktapur is “Living Heritage”, “City of Culture”, “City of Devotees”,
“Nepal’s Cultural Gem” and “Tradition-loving inhabitants”.
1. Dahi Binayak

Bhaktapur is known as city of Devotees or Bhakta in Nepali language. There is god for various aspects. As Bhaktapur is well known for Dahi or curd, the god for Dahi established as dahi Binayak. It is located just few step from the Palace fort of Eastern Bhaktapur. It is prayed by the business people of Curd

2. Tibukchhen

In Bhaktapur every house should have outlook with cultural design. Tibukchhen is one of the old houses in Bhaktapur. But currently the house is in worst state. Students find the story why it is not rebuilt

3. Purwadhara

There use to be festival of visiting the tap facing Purwa or East Direction It use to be occurs during janai Purnima. But the culture has been disappeared. One of the tap is located in side Monument zone. To show the part of culture the tap is still in exist but not in working condition

4. Sakotha

There use to a big library inside the palace of Bhaktapur. But after the palace was conquer by PN Shah all the book and other important document were burnt by his troop. So there is no more the book of that time. Later on the Building was use by local residents. We can see only the ruin part of building with old doors

5. Seto Bhakta

A devotee worshipping in Chaitya is seen in Monument Zone. It is only the piece of devotee in the form of statue. To conserve this monument local resident are promoting tourism in the areas

6 Goodwill Building

It is very hard to rebuilt house in old style. One of building reconstructed with traditional outlook is found near 5 story temple. The owner has to invest 20 years to complete the building project.

7. Nyatapola temple

Taumadhi square is the next place of interest after Durbar Square. It is the central square of Bhaktapur, tightly woven into daily life and rituals, and the most important location for the biggest festival of the town- Bisket Jatra and others, where a large number of people gather together. The short narrow lane goes past the Thankas and Handicrafts shops leading directly to the Taumadhi square. This square divides the ancient town into the upper and lower halves. The square is dominated by many mesmerizing temples and other medieval architecture such as the Nyatapola temple, the Bhairab temple and Til Madhav Narayan temple are also major attractions. Being centrally located a lot of local activities depicting local life style and culture can be observed here throughout the day.
The Nyatapola temple is the tallest building in the Bhaktapur, unique with its 5 roofs, and certainly one of Nepal’s most stupendous monuments, lying in the south face of the square which is named after its physical structure (five tiers of roofs). This is also one of the best examples of Newari temple architecture .The temple was founded in 1702 A.D by King Bhupatindra Malla, a great builder who commissioned an impressive number of structures and its design was so elegant and its construction was so well done that even the earthquake of 1934 A.D caused only upper storey damage.
The temple stands above the 5-Stage plinth and rises over 30m above the top plinth. The steep stairway leading up to the temple is flanked by guardian figures at each plinth level. The bottom plinth has the 2 high stone statues of the legendary wrestlers Jaya Malla and Patta Malla who also featured in the Dattatraya temple, said to have possessed the strength of 10 men, on the plinth above are two powerful elephants, then a pair of fierce stone lions. Above the lion are two griffins and at the very top are two goddess i.e. Baghini in the form of a tiger and Singhini in form of a lion. People believe that each figure is said to be ten times as strong as the figure on level below. There is a circumambulatory passage around the main entrance of the temple at the top of the steps and the roofs are supported with beautifully carved struts.
The series culminates in the powerful tantric goddess hidden inside the temple, is the mysterious tantric goddess Siddhi Laxmi to whom the temple is dedicated. A special family of priests tends the temple, which may be entered only by the king. It is said that the goddess representing the most powerful female force. This powerful goddess is counterbalanced, ritually and aesthetically, with Kasi Biswanath on the eastern side of the square.

8. Bhailakha

The emergence of the Biska: festival landmarks the cultural ecstasy in Bhaktapur. Prominently observed on the advent of spring it is a festival of human emotions. The human emotions are symbolically depicted on multiple aspects of the festival at large.
The folk-lore as it tells about the slaughtering of a pair of snakes by a handsome youth bestowed with Tantric empowerment is the central point of the festival. It is said that two serpents came out of the nostrils of a beautiful princess at mid night while sneezing. They grew to a huge shape in the twinkling of an eye and took the life of these persons who slept with the princess. As always the serpents were about to sting one of the youthful persons in the hot bed, one night the meticulous person caused the serpents breathe their last with his Tantric power.
Having found the person alive and the serpents dead, the following morning, Vishwo Malla the then ruler brought the practice of hoisting two long flags on a big long wooden pole. Symbolically enough the banners were designed after the shape of the deceased serpents. The big long pole meant for hoisting the flags were addressed-Yoshin-the pole of love and remained popular among the local people as of these days. The hoisting of the serpent shaped flags is annually observed with great enthusiasm. The banners are also known as BISHO DHOJA after BISHO MALLA.
The mythical belief considers the firmament and the earth as the divine male and female object in the form of Bhairab and Bhadrakali respectively. It says that the mating between the sky and the earth has made the creation possible on our planet. The rain that showers from the sky to the earth are considered the life giving element and the earth is the creative base. And the hole in which the Yoshin-Pole is erected is the symbol of the female reproductive organ.

9. Bhairab Nath Temple
At the eastern side of the square lies the huge rectangular shape temple erected is dedicated to Bhairab –the ferocious from of lord Shiva, originally built as a one storey temple in the early 17 th century by Jagajjyotir Malla but later rebuilt with two storey temple by King Bhupatindra Malla in 1717.
Bhairab- the central image of the temple is a two faced image without its body can be seen in the 1 st floor. According to the legend, Vishwa Nath is another name given to Shiva in the holy city Kashi (Banaras) once visited Bhaktapur to observe the Bisket Jatra. After having been recognizes, he was beheaded to make him stay forever in bhaktapur and kept in the temple. Hence, the temple is also known as Kashi Vishwa Nath. Fantastically glided, it houses a once unruly Bhairab who reportedly calmed down after the Nyatapola goddess was brought in to offset him. During the annual festival of Bisket, all the same image are brought out, placed on a chariot and conveyed around the city. A tiny image of Bhairab at the front wall of the ground floor is regarded as Nasa Deo (worshipped for skill development) which is worshipped by passersby at all times. Another image of Bhairab also known as Akash Bhairab can be seen painted on a straw and hung against the wall. The actual entrance is behind the small BETAL TEMPLE, a hobgoblin who accompanies Bhairab on his annual chariot ride, in the form of a metal mask on the prow. Betal is worshipped for half an hour a year as part of the Bisket Jatra and rest of the time he is tied, face down, to the topmost roof beams of his temple. The temple is guarded by two brass lions and there’s a host of interesting details on the front.
10. Nau Graha

According to astrology there are nine planets. To symbolize them in human form the nine planet structure are made in idols. Their name is viz Rahu, Ketu, Ravi, Som, Mangal, Budha, Brihaspati, Shukra and Sani.

11. Tamari Lu hiti
Next to the Bhairab Nath entrance is Luhiti which means “golden tap” one of the water conduits which is used for household chores as well as for some ritual works.
12 Santaneshwor

It is the goddess for couple willing to have children. It is not worship well these days. It has unique outlook. It is built in upstair. Usually Shivalinga are built in downstairs.

13. Til Mahadev Narayan temple
It is hidden away behind the recent houses on the South east of the square; so one can easily miss the square’s 3 rd interesting temple, Til Mahadev Narayan displays all the iconography of a lord Vishnu temple: a glided Sankha (conch), charka (wheel) and Garuda are all hoisted on pillars out front in a manner clearly imitating the great temple of Changu Narayan. Although the place was in use since 1080A.D.The icon were believed to be placed inside the temple only in 1170 A.D.
The open courtyard of the temple is used for the sacred ceremony of Ihi-a ritual of young Newari girls being wedded to lord Vishnu.

14. Bhokhadyo or Bahara

The god of earthquake in known as Bahara. It is god with the head of pig. It is supposed that the earth lies in nose of Bahara. It is said that Whenever Bahara winks its Nose the Earth quake occure. The statue is built in the middle part of Pillar. In upper part there is a small temple represettin heaven and in down part the water animal reperseting hell

15. Aishamari Dabu

Bhaktapur is also known as city of Music and melodies. There is daily Bhajan and tradtioanl Music performance in Tamari Tol. These were practice in Asishmari Dabu. But the Dabu has been rent for a restaurant. So the Musician perfom there activities in Open Space near to the Dabu

16. Jor Ganesh
At each corner of the lowest plinth is a Ganesh shrine. As we all know that Ganesh is the god of prosperity and wisdom. Ganesh is a much- loved god and there is a constant stream of visitors here. A visit to this shrine is highly recommended by Hindus to ensure safety on a forthcoming journey as well as while starting any new work. And defender and remover of obstacles and has to be propitiate first before worship to other gods. His mount is the shrew. The Ganesh is worship by people with fight among friend and relative. It is believe that after granting offering to the jor Ganesh the conflict is settled

17. Jahra Hiti

We use tank to store water these days. But there were not tank made of plastic and metal. So Tank made of Stone were use to store water. These tank are known as Jahra HIti. Near each HIti there is water supply through well. Currently the well water is use by pumping the water from electrical motor.

18. BhoteBahal (Art Centre)

Bahal is type of Square surrounded by building. Bhote Bahal use to the guest house for the People from current Tibet, which was known as Bhot. The Bahal is also an art centre, where devi dance is taught. The dance is performing during Indrajatra. The performance is also shown in Kathmandu

19. Bijukchen Agam Ghar

Every caste has their own god which is know Kul devta. Similarly the royal relative with cast Bijukchnen has their own Agam inside Bhaktapur Monument Zone. The agam is rebuitlt by Local Government. To ensure security CCTV Camera is all around the House.

20. Indryani Dyochhen

The orginal statue of god is kept in the Dyochhen. Dyochhen mean home for the god. Among the 9 goddess worship in Dashian one of them is Indyarani. The Indrayani is located inside Bhadgoan Mounment zone.

21. Palace Gate Layaku (5 Gates Chok)
The Durbar squares are the historic cores of the 3 major towns within the Kathmandu Valley. Durbar means ‘royal’ and the squares developed around the former royal palaces and a series of important temples and shrines, linked together by an open public space. They were, and still are, the center of public life in the cities. In the western corner of the city, Bhaktapur Durbar Square is relatively unintegrated into daily life. This spectacular square, the capital of the Malla kingdom till 1769, is an open museum in itself .Victorian illustrations show that it was once packed with monasteries, temples and artistic buildings, almost one third of which were devastated in the great earthquake of 1934 and is former self, with odd blank spaces ruining the once masterful composition. This square however, still holds mesmerizing palaces, pagodas, Shikhara style temples as well as Buddhists monasteries exclusively architectures. Layaku (Bhaktapur durbar square) is Bhaktapur’s monumental gem. It is one of the seven UNESCO world heritage sites. One can get to feel the touch of mediaeval excellence.

The durbar square of Bhaktapur is smaller than those of Patan and Kathmandu. Approaching durbar square through the huge white gate, one can notice on the left, a pair of lion statues guarding supposedly one of the entrances to the royal complex .between them lies two master pieces of stone sculptures, Bhairab the fierce from of Shiva and Durga a fearsome manifestation of goddess parvati, which dates back to 1701A.D. it is believed that the unfortunate sculpture had his hands cut off afterwards, to prevent him from duplicating his masterpieces. In front of these statues of Bhairab and Durga or when entering the durbar square from the main gate, there is a group of temples on the right(south), which represent the four highest Hindu pilgrimage sites

Another pair of lion status and stone sculptures of Hanuman (worshipped for strength and devotion) and Narsingh (an incarnation of lord Vishnu) can be seen at the entrance of the National Art Gallery, which is situated on the middle north side of the square. The gallery is worth visiting for its exclusive collation of Buddhist Paubha paintings, palm leaf manuscripts as well as metal and stones. The whole block on the north side of the square is the main palace complex. It consisted of 99 different courtyards within (out of which still remain) the main entrance to this palace complex is the master piece of Bhaktapur .through this golden gate you may enter to discover the courtyard of the Taleju temple, the royal bath and what used to be the residence of the Malla kings. Next to the golden gate is the most talked about 55 windows palace of King Bhupatindra Malla . This palace, which is being completely renovated by the department of Archaeology and the Bhaktapur Municipality, is one of the main parts of the palace complex. Right in front of the golden gate you can see the impressive statue of King Bhupatindra Malla on a high stone column. The gold gilded statue in the position of worship is the center of appraisal for every visitor. In front of the palace lies a large bell erected by king Ranjit Malla in 1337A.D. beside the big bell stands the Shikhara style Durga temple, completely built out of stones in 1727 A.D. by Jaya Ranjit Malla. on the lower flank of this Vatsala temples lies another small bell erected by king Bhupatindra Malla it is popularly known as the ‘Khicha kho gan’ which means dogs crying bell because dogs cry and bark whine at its sound. Unfortunately it is now broken
22.Basantapur Darwar Gate (Ugrachandi and Ugrabhairab )
Near the main gate at the west end one can admire a pair of multiple-armed statues of the terrible god Ugrabhairab and his counterpart Ugrabhairab, the fearsome manifestation of Shiva’s consort parvati. The statues date from 1701 A.D. and it is said that the unfortunate sculptor had his hands cut off afterwards, to prevent him from duplicating his masterpieces. Ugrachandi or Ugrabhairab has eighteen arms with holding various weapons and she is posing killing a buffalo demon. Bhairab has twelve arms and both garlanded with necklaces of human heads.
23 Char Dham

Gopinath, Rameshwar and Badrinath.

These temples are constructed by the Malla kings for those who could not afford to visit the original sites.
The first temple you notice on the right as you enter gate. Rameshwar temple, in front of Jagannath is a Gum Baja style temple. It is an open shrine with four Pillar and houses a Shiva Lingam. The name Rameshwar comes from the fact that it was Ram was an incarnation of Vishnu who had the original temple of Mahadev built at Rameshwar temple, south India. Badrinath Temple
A small temple west of the Gopi Nath temple is locally known as Badri Narayan.
Two roofed pagoda style is Gopi Nath. It is the temple attached to Rameshwar temple houses 3 deities Bakaram, subhadra and Krishna. It is difficult to see the deities as the door remains mostly closed. It is also known as Jagannath. It is another form taken by Vishnu: Dwarika also simply known as the Krishna temple, houses 3 deities, left to right, respectively: Satyabhama, Krishna and Radha. Their images are carved in stone. In the month of Mangsir, the deities are placed in a palanquin and taken around the city.

24. Chaukot

In Malla period there use to completion to build one types of architecture copying form other state. Chaukot was the state situated in current Kavere. There use to Palace known as Chaukot. Copying the artchitecture Chaukot palace was built in Bhaktpur Darwar. In these days the Darbar rebuilt in new form and being use as office of Heritage Section of Municipality

25. Bhandar Khal Pokhari

There as Bhandar pokhari in all three state of kathamandu. The purpose of this pond was to store the vegetable and fruits. In that time there were not refrigerotrs. So it was use as refrigerator at that time

26. Kedarnath Temple
Just beyond that is terracotta Shikhara style is Kedarnath (Shiva).
These four temples locally called char dham which mean four holiest pilgrimages. King Yaksha Malla built in1451A.D. For those who could not travel abroad for health and financial reasons.
27. Lion Gate Palace

The entrance to the National art gallery is flanked by figures of hanuman the monkey god appears in Tantirc form as the four armed hanuman Bhairab. Hanuman is worshipped for strength and devotion.
Nrishimha –the lion headed god, incarnation of lord Vishnu, posing killing Hiranyakashyapu, who was a power boned person. Shiva had graced him through a boon for almost immortal life .Accordingly, he would have none of his breathing last neither on earth, nor in the sky, nor on the air .Strategically it that Vishnu made him breathe his last placing him on the former’s lap. This statue date from1698 A.D.

28. Malati Chok
The Malati Chowk was built by King Bhupatindra Malla in 1707. This section of the palace has been converted into the National Art Gallery which contains numerous paintings, manuscripts and stone sculptures. This National Art Gallery was established by government of Nepal, department of archaeology in 1960 A.D. at Singhadhoka building complex of Bhaktapur Royal palace.
Gallery has magnificent collection of ancient Paubha painting and various classic and medieval masterpieces in wood, stone and metal. Being actually housed in the ancient palaces one can also get the chance to marvel the original masterpiece of wall paintings on the walls of the Malla palace. It is housed in a renovated old wing, displays over 200 exquisite paintings from the 13 th century on including palm leaf manuscripts, Thangkas and restored frescoes decorating the wall of King Bhupatindra private quarter. The gallery is a palace not to be missed while in Bhaktapur.

29. Pahachhen

Paha mean guest and Chhen mean home in Newar Language. So Pah chhen was the guest house of royal kingdom in Malla period. In current time this building is being use as resturent to serve food to the Local and International Tourist. The generate income by renting the building

King Bhupatindra Malla’s column
A guilded statues of King Bhupatindra Malla kneels on a pillar opposite, dignifies and solemn, his hands folded in Prayer, legs folded with a serpent supporting the capital, in front of the Golden Gate. A small bird sits on top of the serpent’s head. King Bhupatindra Malla is the most famous of the Malla kings of Bhaktapur and had a great influence on the art and architecture of the town. Like the similar column in Patan’s Durbar square this one was a copy of the original in Kathmandu. The king sits with folded arms, studying the magnificent entrance gate to his palace.

30. Vatsala temple
Beside the king’s statue and directly in front of the palace, or next to the Taleju bell is stone Vatsala Devi temple. The Shikhara style temple has some similarities to the Krishna temple of Patan . It is completely constructed in sandstone and is built upon a three stage plinth. It is dedicated to Vatsala Devi, a form of the Goddess Durga. The temple was originally built by King Jitamitra Malla in 1696. The structure that can be seen today, however, is a reconstruction by King Bhupatindra Malla and dates back to the late 17 th or early 18 th century. Behind the temple is a water source called Dhunge Dhara and next to it stands the Chyasilin Mandap.
31. Nyanyapa Jhya (55 window) Just next to the Golden Gate stands the palace of fifty- five Windows. Golden gate is the entrance to 55 windows. This palace, which is being completely renovated by the Department of Archaeology and the Bhaktapur municipality, is one of the main parts of the palace complex. Although there was a palace on this site as long ago as 1427, it was remodeled by king Jitamitra and his son Bhupatindra Malla in the late 17 th century. As the name suggest, the palace was constructed with 55 carved windows. The carved windows of the 2 nd floor are considered the finest examples of woodcarving produced during the reign of the prodigious king. Above each of the windows are wooden torana depicting gods and goddesses. The palace once sprawled far beyond here, but the 1934 earthquake has left only an enormous empty plaza to the east, littered with the bases of Giant temples. The series of intricately carved wooden carving windows on the second floor is the specialties of the structure the whole of these windows have been pulled in by more than 2 feet present level during reconstruction after the earthquake of 1934 A.D.

32. Lu Dhawka (Golden gate)
In front or directly opposite of Bhupatindra Malla statue the magnificent gate is locally known as Lu Dhawka which means golden gate. The golden gate is generally agreed to be the single most important piece of art in the whole valley. This magnificent gilt gateway and palace were built by King Bhupatindra Malla but not completed until 1754A.D during the reign of Jaya Ranjit Malla. The remarkable craftsmanship is considered by many to be the finest example of Metal work in Nepal .
A Garuda (half man and half eagle head) the vehicle of Vishnu, tops the gate and is shown disposing of a number of serpents, the Garuda’s sworn enemies. The four headed and 16 armed figure of the goddess Taleju Bhawani is below the Garuda and directly over the door. She is the family deity of the Malla dynasty and there are temples to her in the royal palaces in valley.
The golden gate leads into the Sadashiv Bhairab Chowk of the Bhaktapur Palace . This is one of the only remaining courtyards, which is easily accessible for Visitors. Passing through the golden gate, the next gate house is home to huge drums covered with elephant skin. The Sadashiv Bhairab Chowk leads to the Nag Puhku (Nag Pokhari) and to the Mul Chowk and Taleju temple, 2 guardian figures stand inside the doorways. A few paces away from the pond is the entrance to the Mul Chowk courtyard, which houses the Taleju Temple and is only accessible to Hindus. The Mul Chowk was established in the 14 th century and is the oldest part of the palace.
33. Chetrapal Chok

Just after entering the Golden gate an open space is reach. This place use to be the security check post of main Palace area of Malla period. There are still army personnel working for secure the historical properties. In these days the demolished part of Vatsala temple are display in this chok. Among the display the Statue of Bahara is more important because its part is affected due to Earthquake. The Bahara is supposed to be god of Earthquake. But the statue of god of Earthquake itself is affected, the reason is still unknown.

34. Beko Chok

After entering the gate in north of Chetrapal Chok. We will reach in a zigzag chok which is known as Beko Chok. Beko chok in newar language is curve courtyard. There we can see modern and traditional method of lamping the open place. There is bulb hang in use and the part of Diyalo over two human statues which was torch of the historical when electricity was not invented. From this section the photography is not allowed.

35. Taleju Gate

This woodcarving is master piece. It contains the statue of Taleju in centre. The main statue of Taleju is surrounded by Astamatrika. Similarly the ten Mahvidya securing the state of Bhaktapur is also potratyed in the Toranaof the Gate.

36. Sundari Chok

Sundari Chok is one of the common Chok in three kingdom of Kathamandu. Sundari chok is use as royal bath. There is a small pond surrounded by statue of snake. In hindu king is said to be incarnation of Bishnu. Bishnu is said to be protected by sanke. So a symbol to protect the king the statue of snake is built. There is hut like structure whichi is said to be use for changing dress.

37. Layaku lunhiti

The golden tap in Sundari Chok was constructed in year 808 Nepal Sambat. The fact is inscribed in the tap which tells that it was king Jitamitra Malla's period. In that tap 13 water animals are carved. The water tap is now fitted with water supply. But the orginal source of water had been blocked. It is said the water source was from Nagarkot.

38. Mul Chok

The deity of Taleju is in this Chok. It use to the main administration of royal kingdom of Bhaktpur. Currently there is a big open space with quiet environment. We can see some sign of bullet part during the Prithvi Naryan Shah attack. We can see Bhote Talcha and modern lock in this chok. Beside that the wall painting can be seen worst condition. The statue of horse and elephant are quite pretty,

39. Darwar Herchah

This Shelter is also known L pati,because its shape is like alphabet "L". Currently Darwar Hercha Karyalaya of Government of Nepal is using this property. The earthquake of 2015 hit it badly. So it is being reconstructed. It was use as shelter for security personal in historical period.

40. Janajyoti pustakalya (Narayan Statue)

There is wonderful and beautiful statue in Janajyoti pustakalaya. The part of statue is broken. It is also not well care. The temple that place the statue in not seen. The periphery of statue has been built as Rest House by Municipality tagging it has Tourist Toilet.

41. Balakhu Ganesh
Ganesh, the elephant head god of wisdom and success is the defender and remover of obstacles and has to be propitiated first before worship to other gods is offered. He is the sons of Shiva and Parvati. He is extremely popular in the Kathmandu Valley and his image is found everywhere. This Balakhu Ganesh temple is next to the Janajyoti Pustakalya. Legend believes that if somebody lost anything then he\she can get by worshipping the Balakhu Ganesh.

42. Manokamana

The god for fulfilling desire is known as Manokamana. The most known Manokamana is in Gorkha. As to make people from Bhaktapur fulfill wishes the temple was establishing roadside in Sakotha. The statue has not definite shape but with quite interesting we can see Chhepu eating snake.

43. Dattatraya

Brahma, Bishnu, Maheshwori in combine together form a great god called Dattatrya. There is Shikhara Style temple of Dattatrya opposite to Monokamana Shrine

44. Siddhilaxmi

The Stone temple with various animal statue near 55 window palace known as Siddhi Laxmi. In these it is like photo taking venue for Visitors

45.Chayslin Dega
Beside the Tagogan (big bell) and in front of 55 window palace that is the Chyasilin dega. This octagonal temple was one of the finest in the square and was originally a viewing point for nobles observing festivals and rituals. The Mandap was built during the 17 th century by King Jitamitra Malla and was used as a rest house by the travelers and pilgrims. It has an open hall at the lower level. It was totally destroyed by the 1934 A.D. earthquake; it was reconstructed with assistance from Germany in 1992